Fire starter matches. Cylinder, paper cover of sides; on cream, red/ blue lines forming checks. Top shows maker and wax vestas and trade mark (fanshape over 2/3 in circle) Base unused cream sand paper. Inside- full of blue - headed matches that are 2.5cm long. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_case

A vesta case, or simply a “vesta” is a small box made to house wax, or "strike anywhere", matches. ... It consisted of a wax stem with embedded cotton threads and a tip of phosphorus. Newton named his matches after Vesta, the Roman goddess of fire and the hearth.